Fęrsluflokkur: Stjórnmįl og samfélag
Žegar tengdir ašilar eignast skrįš félag
Mįnudagur, 4. mars 2024
Žegar tengdir ašilar eignast samanlagt rįšandi hlut ķ skrįšu félagi, žį ber viškomandi aš bjóšast til aš kaupa hlut hvers hinna eigendanna. Viškomandi er sį sem eignašist seinasta hlutabréfiš sem vantaši upp į til aš samanlagšur hlutinn yrši rįšandi. Ętli skyldan hvķli į hvoru hjóna ef žau verša tengdir ašilar viš aš giftast? En foreldri ef žaš öšlast yfirrįš meš ęttleišingu? En ef arfur dreifist į fjölskyldu, žannig aš žau öšlast yfirrįš įn žess aš neinn mešlimur hafi erft hlutsbréf seinna en hinir?
Ķ 1. mgr. 111. gr. laga um yfirtökur nr. 108/2007 (vvl.) er kvešiš į um śrręši Fjįrmįlaeftirlitsins žegar ašili, sem tilbošsskyldur er samkvęmt 100. gr. laganna, setur ekki fram tilboš innan tilbošsfrests. Ķ įkvęšinu segir nįnar aš ef ašili sem er tilbošsskyldur setur ekki fram tilboš innan tilbošsfrests eša innan fjögurra vikna frį žvķ aš Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš hefur śrskuršaš um tilbošsskyldu vegna samstarfs getur Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš fellt nišur allan atkvęšisrétt viškomandi ašila ķ félaginu. Skulu žeir hlutir žį ekki taldir meš viš śtreikning į žvķ hve miklum hluta hlutafjįr fariš er meš atkvęši fyrir į hluthafafundum. Sama gildir ef ašili fylgir ekki skilyršum skv. 3. mgr. 100. gr. a, žar sem segir aš Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš geti bundiš undanžįgu frį tilbošsskyldu skilyršum um t.d. hįmark hluta eša um atkvęšisrétt eša um skyldu til aš selja hluti fyrir tiltekin tķmamörk, eša brżtur gegn 4. mgr. 102. gr. žar sem kvešiš er į um aš ef ašili lżsir yfir opinberlega aš hann hyggist ekki gera yfirtökutilboš er honum og ašilum ķ samstarfi viš hann žį ekki heimilt aš leggja fram slķkt tilboš ķ sex mįnuši frį žvķ yfirlżsing var birt eša aš gera nokkuš žaš er kann aš gera hann, eša ašila sem hann er ķ samstarfi viš, tilbošsskyldan skv. 100. gr.
Hvorki er ljóst af eignarfallsmyndunum viškomandi ašila, né af greinargerš meš seinustu breytingu į 111. gr. vvl., hvort einungis sé įtt viš atkvęšisrétt hins tilbošsskylda ašila sem var nefndur ķ nefnifalli eintölu ķ byrjum 1. mgr. 111.gr. vvl., eša tengdra ašila hans. Seinna ķ 1. mgr. er tekiš į žeim möguleika aš svipting alls atkvęšisréttar viškomandi ašila hafi ekki dugaš til aš losa félagiš undan yfirrįšum. Af žvķ samhengi er strax ljóst aš einhver tengdra ašili er enn meš atkvęšisrétt. Svipting alls atkvęšisréttar getur žvķ einungis hafa nįš til tilbošsskylds ašila. Aftur er fjallaš um nišurfellingu atkvęšisréttar ķ 2. mgr. og er žar skżrt af oršanna hljóšan aš hśn nįi einungis til tilbošsskylds ašila. Ef ašrir samstarfsašilar rįša enn yfir skrįšu félagi, žó aš tilbošsskyldur eša tilbošsskyldir ašilar hafi veriš sviptir öllum atkvęšisrétti, žį ber žeim skylda til aš afsala sér yfirrįšunum. Sé žaš ekki gert innan tķmamarka getur Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš lagt į dagsektir, en ekki er tekiš fram hvort aš dagsektir megi leggja į atkvęšisréttarsviptu ašilana.
Stjórnmįl og samfélag | Breytt s.d. kl. 23:43 | Slóš | Facebook | Athugasemdir (0)
Gestaskrįning ķ sóttvarnaskyni
Žrišjudagur, 27. aprķl 2021
Til aš aušvelda smitrakningu og bošun ķ sóttkvķ skrį sumir hśsrįšendur nafn, sķmanśmer og kennitölu ókunnugra gesta. Sé krafist ašgangseyris fer skrįning fram samhliša greišslu. En hvernig er best aš framkvęma skrįningu ef hvorki greišslu né forskrįningar er krafist?
Meš best er įtt viš aš sameiginlegir snertifletir séu sem fęstir, heišarleg skrįning sem lķklegust og aš biš eftir skrįningu sé sem styst žó margir męti samtķmis. Hugsum okkur žrjįr ašferšir, og gerum okkur ķ hugarlund hver žeirra sé best. Žrjįr ašferšir eru gestabók, ritari og dyravöršur meš netfang sem er auglżst uppi į vegg, įsamt leišbeiningum um hvaša upplżsingar žurfi aš skrį meš tölvupósti.
Gestabók og ritfęri eru snertifletir umfram žį sem fylgja hinum ašferšunum. Aš fela ritara aš skrį gesti ķ bók skapar tękifęri til aš framfylgja skrįningarskyldu og fękkar snertiflötum įn žess aš breyta bištķma, og er žvķ betri ašferš. Bištķminn snarminnkar viš aš margir gestir geti, meš lófatölvum sķnum, skrįš sig samtķmis meš tölvupósti til dyravaršar. Enda tekur enga stund fyrir dyravöršinn aš stašfesta fullnęgjandi skrįningu hvers og eins. Tķminn sem žaš tekur dyravöršinn aš śtskżra fyrirkomulagiš bliknar ķ samanburši viš tķmasparnašinn. Dyravöršurinn er žvķ bestur. Raunar er netfangiš og leišbeiningarnar sogurvegararnir, žvķ dyravöršurinn sjįlfur breytir hvorki bištķma né fjölda snertiflata.
Dyravöršurinn kemur best śt ķ samanburšinum. Athugiš aš ekki var litiš til aukinnar hętta į śšasmiti vegna mannlegrar nęrveru ķ skilgreiningunni į žvķ aš ašferš sé best. Žaš er ósanngjarnt gagnvart gestabókinnk. En gestabókin framfylgir heldur ekki skrįningu. Netfang og leišbeiningar einar eru ķ ķgildi snertilausrar gestabókar, nema meš aukinni persónuvernd meš žvķ aš gestir og gangandi geta lesiš gestabók en ekki tölvupóst. Ķ öllu falli er tölvupóstur besti skrįningarmišillinn, meš eša įn dyravaršar eftir žvķ hvort ófullnęgjandi skrįning eša framfylgd skrįningarskyldu er mikilvęgari. Loks mį nefna aš sömu hśsrįšendur ęttu aš framfylgja hįmarksfjölda gesta. Ef einn dyravöršur getur framfylgt bįšum reglum felst ekki aukin hętta į śšasmiti viš žaš eitt aš dyravöršur sem er hvort eš er į stašnum framfylgi einnig skrįningarskyldu.
Leyfiš skrįningu inn ķ hśs meš tölvupósti -- lķka į stašnum, viš inngöngu -- og lįtiš póstana berast til dyravaršarins, ef slķkur er fyrir hendi.
Getting a peer-review
Fimmtudagur, 25. febrśar 2021
Peer review is the ultimate filter a manuscript has to pass before publication in a scholarly journal as an academic paper. Not all manuscript submitted to a journal are sent to peers for review, however.
Desk rejections
According Dr. Goldman and Huck, the top reasons for desk rejections are:
- Paper out of scope for the journal. Sometimes way out of scope.
- Manuscript based on theories that are so old and outdated that they are judged neither relevant nor worthy of the time of peer-reviewers.
- Not really a scientific paper.
- More than enough in the literature already. The manuscript is not adding anything new to the literature, just summarizing what is already known.
Dr. Goldman emphasized that not all journals require the same level of novelty, nor should they. Consider negative results and replications. They are invaluable to newcomers to the field, so they can get a fuller grasp of what is known and what is unknown, and so they do not repeat the mistakes of the scientists before them. They are essential for literature reviews, and especially critical in the medical fields [as a publication bias in favor of positive results can be misinterpreted as the overwhelming confirmation of a finding that does not actually replicate and a publication bias against replications can disincentivize replications allowing initial results to stand untested and unchallenged]. But do negative results and replications get published in journals requiring novelty?
Journal differences
Huck and Goldman mentioned five differences between journals:
- High impact journals may require novelty, to filter out vast number of submissions.
- Limits on the length of manuscripts vary between journals.
- Journals receive varying numbers of manuscripts, and reject different rates of those manuscripts.
- Style guides and author instructions differ between journals. Goldman has shortened her author instructions over the decades.
4.1. In special, free format vs. fixed format. Some journals require the manuscript, including citations and references, to adhere to the journal style guide before peer-review, whereas others allow significant formatting to happen after review. This can enable authors submitting a manuscript rejected in one journal to a second journal without modification for style differences between journals. - Scope.
Revise & resubmit
The editors in the panel of the former day of Pubathon classified the issues they have with manuscript, and the studies they document, into fixable and unfixable issues based on the estimated effort needed to resolve each of the issue.
Unfixable issues:
- Incorrect data collection or a mistake in the study or the study design.
Fixable issues:
- Conclusions not grounded in the data or data analysis incorrect.
- Presentation shoddy.
- Poor writing, including bad English.
- Unstructured.
- Sentences or fragments copied from elsewhere.
Even when a journal requests a correction of a fixable issues, author can and do refuse to respond with a revised manuscript. This can be due to a disagreement on whether the issue can be remedied, because the author has decided not to spend the time needed to revise the manuscript, or even a disagreement on whether the submission contains a mistake at all!
Language
Journals are going to spend a week on copyediting your manuscript (including the title) after peer-review.
But bad language is going to make reviewers enjoy reading your manuscript less, and, unfortunately, like your manuscript less.
You can definitely use a fresh pair of eyes. Have a fluent English speaker who knows the subject read the manuscript before submission.
Plagiarism
The panels mentioned that plagiarism was becoming less of a problem. The did, however, note that copied illustrations, either verbatim or modified, were commonly seen in submitted manuscripts. That the authors submitting such plagiarsim frequently used the excuse that a third party prepared the manuscript for them.
Final advice:
- Really read the author instructions.
- Read recent articles published in the journal.
- Do not hesitate to ask the editor if the instructions are unclear.
- If it is your first time submitting a manuscript, collect and submit all information that you think may be relevant.
Cover letters are not necessary. A cover letter that motivates why this manuscript should be published will make the job of the editor quicker. This may include contact details of the co-authors and text combined a cover letter. The journal might have a structured submission form for all that information, in which case you copy the information from the cover letter into the form and do not have to submit the cover letter itself
Stjórnmįl og samfélag | Breytt 7.3.2024 kl. 21:55 | Slóš | Facebook | Athugasemdir (0)
Réttur į réttindum
Sunnudagur, 13. jślķ 2014
Stjórnmįl og samfélag | Breytt 13.6.2016 kl. 09:22 | Slóš | Facebook | Athugasemdir (0)
Tryggš fęša
Sunnudagur, 16. febrśar 2014
Undanžįga frį ostatollum kostar ~415kr./kg. Žaš er žrišjungur af stykkjaverši, og litlu stęrra hlutfall af heildsöluverši. Žegar tollaundanžįga žżšir "ekki nema 29% tollur", og žaš ekki nema fyrir einn osthleif į įri, fyrir žrišja hvert ķslenskt mannsbarn, borgaš allt aš einu įri fyrirfram, žį eru tollar of hįir. Hvaš ef annaš hvern Ķslending langar ķ śtlenskan osthleif? Hvaš ef suma langar ķ śtlenskan ost į pįskunum lķka?
Hiš sanna er, aš undanžįga frį toll kostar nęstum jafn mikiš og tollurinn sjįlfur! Žannig virkar jś einmitt markašsverš, žaš jafnast śt. Nema ķ matvęlum, žar sem tollar koma ķ veg fyrir aš matvęlaverš jafnist śt. Žaš er gert til aš tķmabundin veršlękkun keyri bęndur ekki ķ gjaldžrot, og dragi žannig śr matvęlaframleišslu. Enda er reglulegt offramboš į mat naušsynlegt til žess aš matvęlaframleišsla sveiflist sjaldnast undir žaš sem žarf til žess aš braušfęša alla menn. Af slķkum nišursveiflum mį nefna kal og bruna.
Hiš hjįkįtlega er, aš meš žessu skapast hérlendis grundvöllur fyrir stopulli rękt į jöršum viškvęmum fyrir kali. Vonin er kannski sś aš kal verši ekki į sama tķma og stórir brunar erlendis. En hvernig vęri aš viš keyptum frekar stöšugari ręktarlönd erlendis? Aš viš sęum einfaldlega til žess aš nóg sé til ķ Ķslendinga, hvort sem žaš kemur aš utan eša śr ķslenskri sveit? Hvers vegna ekki aš leyfa neytendum aš velja į milli stöšugrar offramleišslu og matarbirgša til vara?
Sumir gętu kosiš aš eyša peningunum sķnum frekar ķ birgšir af frostžurrkušum mat, sem nżtist einnig sem nęringarrķkur skyndimatur į 1200kr./dag (m.v. žrjįr skyndimįltķšir žann daginn), aš frįtöldum flutningskostnaši. Ašrir myndu styrkja bónda ķ fjölskyldunni, gegn žvķ aš hann lofi aš śtvega mat žegar žess žarf. Nokkrir kęmu sér upp lager af pizzum sem endast. Ašrir myndu reyna aš finna sér trausta matvöruverslun, sem įbyrgist aš matur sé ķ hillunum. Enn ašrir tękju bara įhęttuna. En jafnvel žeir myndu njóta žess aš geta keypt mat hvašan sem tekst aš framleiša hann žaš įriš, žó aš žeir hętti į aš veršiš rakki upp og nišur.
Eša eigum viš ekki örugglega öll aš fį aš borša, óhįš žvķ hvort viš höfum efni į tollum?
Stjórnmįl og samfélag | Breytt 20.4.2014 kl. 01:52 | Slóš | Facebook | Athugasemdir (0)